Bài làm :

Ta có : \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\left(1\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT (1) ta có :

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}=\dfrac{a^2+ad+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}\ge\dfrac{4\left(a^2+ad+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\left(2\right)\)

Tương tự : \(\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{4\left(b^2+ab+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\left(3\right)\)

Cộng các về của các BĐT (2) và (3) ta được :

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{2\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2d^2+2ad+2bc+2ab+2cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{2[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2+\left(a+d\right)^2]}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=2B\)

Ta dễ dàng chứng minh được : \(B\ge1\)

Thật vậy :

\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2+\left(a+d\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2+\left(d+a\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

Dấu đằng thức xảy ra : \(\Leftrightarrow a=c;b=d\)

khó thế tui ko hỉu

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{bc+bd}+\frac{c^2}{cd+ca}+\frac{d^2}{da+db}\)

\(\geq \frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}{ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ca+da+db}=\frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}{ab+cd+2ac+2bd+bc+da}\) (1)

Ta có:

\((a+b+c+d)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ac+2bd+2(a+c)(b+d)\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ac+2bd+2ab+2ad+2bc+2cd\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(a^2+c^2\geq 2ac; b^2+d^2\geq 2bd\)

\(\Rightarrow (a+b+c+d)^2\geq 4ac+4bd+2ab+2ad+2bc+2cd\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c+d)^2\geq 2(ab+cd+2ac+2bd+bc+da)\) (2)

Từ (1); (2) suy ra :

\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{2(ab+cd+2ac+2bd+bc+da)}{ab+cd+2ac+2bd+bc+da}=2\) (đpcm)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)

\(VT=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{\left(b+d\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+d\right)}+\dfrac{\left(d+b\right)^2}{\left(d+a\right)\left(d+b\right)}\)

\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(2a+2b+2c+2d\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b+d\right)+\left(a+c\right)\left(c+d\right)+\left(a+d\right)\left(b+d\right)}=\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=4\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)

Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\)

\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+bd}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+cd}+\dfrac{d^2}{ad+bd}\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+2ac+bc+2bd+cd+ad}=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2+2\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}{2ac+2bd+ab+bc+cd+ad}\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{4ac+4bd+2ab+2bc+2cd+2ad}{2ac+2bd+ab+bc+cd+ad}=2\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)

Mk viết nhầm tất cả bỏ căn nhá

Đặt: A=a/(b+c)+b/(c+d)+c/(d+a)+d/(a+b)
. B=b/(b+c)+c/(c+d)+d/(d+a)+a/(a+b)
. C=c/(b+c)+d/(c+d)+a/(d+a)+b/(a+b)
Ta có: B+C=4
Áp dụng Cosôsi và BĐT quen thuộc: 1/x+1/y >= 4/(x+y) với x,y dương ta có:
A+B=(a+b)/(b+c)+(b+c)/(c+d)+
+(c+d)/(d+a)+(d+a)/(a+b) >=4
A+C =(a+c).[1/(b+c)+1/(d+a)] +(b+d).[1/(a+b)+1/(c+d)]
>= 4(a+c)/(b+c+d+a) +4(b+d)/(a+b+c+d)=4
Do đó : 2A+B+C >= 8
Mà B+C=4 nên A >= 2

Áp dụng cauchy-schwarz:

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{d+e}+\dfrac{d}{e+a}+\dfrac{e}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+bd}+\dfrac{c^2}{cd+ce}+\dfrac{d^2}{ed+ad}+\dfrac{e^2}{ae+be}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+ac+ad+ae+bc+bd+be+cd+ce+de}\)

Giờ chỉ cần chứng minh

\(ab+ac+ad+ae+bc+bd+be+cd+ce+de\le\dfrac{2}{5}\left(a+b+c+d+e\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ac+ad+ae+bc+bd+be+cd+ce+de\le2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+e^2\right)\)

điều này hiển nhiên đúng theo AM-GM:

\(ab\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2};ac\le\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{2};ad\le\dfrac{a^2+d^2}{2}...\)

Cứ vậy ta thu được đpcm .Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=d=e

P/s: : ]